About July's Birthstone

Ruby, the birthstone for July, is one of the most coveted gemstones in the world. Known for its deep red color, ruby is a variety of the mineral corundum. While corundum occurs in many colors, only the red variety is classified as ruby—all other colors are considered sapphires.

The name "ruby" comes from the Latin word "ruber," meaning red. Throughout history, rubies have been treasured by royalty and the elite across various civilizations, from ancient India and China to medieval Europe. The vibrant red color of ruby has long been associated with blood, fire, and passion, making it a symbol of life force and vitality.

As the July birthstone, ruby is believed to bring good fortune, passionate love, and protection to those born in this month. It's also traditionally given as a gift for the 15th and 40th wedding anniversaries, symbolizing the enduring flame of love and commitment.

July Birthstone - Ruby

Ruby Properties

Physical Properties

  • Mineral: Corundum (Al₂O₃)
  • Color: Red (ranging from pinkish to deep red)
  • Hardness: 9 on Mohs scale (second only to diamond)
  • Transparency: Transparent to translucent
  • Refractive Index: 1.762-1.770
  • Crystal System: Hexagonal
  • Specific Gravity: 3.97-4.05

Symbolic Meaning

  • Passion: Symbolizes intense emotion and love
  • Protection: Believed to shield the wearer from harm
  • Prosperity: Associated with wealth and success
  • Power: Historically worn by rulers as a symbol of authority
  • Vitality: Represents life force and energy
  • Courage: Thought to instill bravery and strength

Sources & Origins

  • Major Sources: Myanmar (Burma), Thailand, Sri Lanka, Madagascar
  • Other Sources: Tanzania, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Cambodia
  • Historical Sources: Mogok Valley in Myanmar (famous "Burmese Rubies")
  • Notable Mines: Mogok and Mong Hsu (Myanmar), Montepuez (Mozambique)
  • Mining Methods: Both open-pit and underground mining
  • Formation: Typically in metamorphic rocks such as marble

Care & Maintenance

  • Cleaning: Warm, soapy water and soft brush
  • Ultrasonic: Generally safe for untreated rubies
  • Steam Cleaning: Generally safe for untreated rubies
  • Chemicals: Avoid exposure to harsh chemicals
  • Heat Sensitivity: Natural rubies are heat resistant
  • Storage: Store separately to prevent scratching other gemstones

The Rich History of Ruby

Rubies have been treasured for thousands of years, with references dating back to ancient Sanskrit texts where ruby was called "ratnaraj," meaning "king of precious stones." Ancient Hindus believed that offering rubies to the god Krishna would ensure rebirth as an emperor. In Burma (now Myanmar), warriors inserted rubies into their flesh, believing the stones would make them invincible in battle.

In medieval Europe, rubies were worn by royalty and nobility not only as symbols of wealth and power but also as talismans for good health, wisdom, and success in love and battle. It was widely believed that rubies would darken in color when danger was present, serving as a warning to the wearer.

The most famous source of fine rubies has historically been the Mogok Valley in Myanmar, known for producing the highly prized "pigeon's blood" rubies—stones with a pure red color with a hint of blue. For centuries, the finest rubies from this region were reserved exclusively for Burmese royalty.

In more recent history, the discovery of ruby deposits in Mozambique in 2009 has significantly impacted the ruby market, providing a new source of high-quality stones. Today, rubies remain among the most valuable gemstones, with fine specimens often commanding higher prices per carat than even colorless diamonds.

Historical Ruby Jewelry

Ruby Varieties

While all rubies are red corundum, there are several varieties and quality factors that distinguish different types of this precious gemstone:

Burmese Ruby

Considered the finest in the world, Burmese rubies from the Mogok Valley are known for their "pigeon's blood" color—a pure red with a hint of blue. These rubies typically have strong fluorescence, which gives them their characteristic inner glow.

Thai Ruby

Thai rubies typically have a darker, more garnet-like red with brownish undertones. They generally have less fluorescence than Burmese rubies but are often cleaner and available in larger sizes.

Mozambique Ruby

A relatively new source, Mozambique produces rubies that can rival Burmese stones in color and quality. The best Mozambique rubies have a rich, slightly purplish-red color and good transparency.

Star Ruby

Star rubies display asterism—a six-rayed star effect that appears to float across the surface when the stone is moved. This phenomenon is caused by rutile needle inclusions within the ruby. Fine star rubies are extremely rare and valuable.

Pink Ruby

Lighter colored rubies, often called "pink rubies," fall in the borderline area between ruby and pink sapphire. The distinction is somewhat subjective and can vary by geographic region and market standards.

Treated Ruby

Many rubies on the market have been treated to enhance their color and clarity. Heat treatment is the most common and accepted treatment, while lead-glass filling and diffusion treatments are more controversial and significantly affect value.

Fascinating Facts About Ruby

Corundum Family

Ruby and sapphire are actually the same mineral (corundum). The only difference is color—ruby is red corundum, while all other colors of corundum are classified as sapphires.

The Sunrise Ruby

The Sunrise Ruby, a 25.59-carat Burmese ruby, sold for $30.3 million in 2015, setting a world record price for a ruby and a record price-per-carat for any colored gemstone.

First Laser

The world's first laser was created using a synthetic ruby crystal in 1960. Ruby's chromium atoms, which give the stone its red color, also make it perfect for generating the coherent light needed for lasers.

Liberty Bell Ruby

The Liberty Bell Ruby, carved from a single 8,500-carat ruby, was once the largest mined ruby in the world. Sculpted into a miniature Liberty Bell with 50 diamonds, it was stolen in a heist in 2011 and has never been recovered.

Ruby in Jewelry

Ruby's durability, rarity, and vibrant color make it a prized gemstone for various jewelry pieces. Here are some popular ways rubies are used in jewelry:

Popular Settings

  • Rings: Rubies make stunning center stones for engagement rings and statement rings, often set in white gold or platinum to enhance their red color.
  • Earrings: Ruby studs or drop earrings create a bold, elegant look that complements many skin tones.
  • Necklaces: Ruby pendants and ruby-accented necklaces serve as eye-catching focal points in jewelry collections.
  • Bracelets: Tennis bracelets featuring rubies or ruby accents offer a luxurious touch to both casual and formal attire.

Styling Tips

  • Rubies pair beautifully with diamonds, which enhance their brilliance and create a classic contrast.
  • For a regal look, combine rubies with yellow gold, which complements the stone's warm tones.
  • Ruby jewelry makes a perfect accent for neutral-colored clothing, allowing the vibrant red to stand out.
  • For special occasions, consider ruby and diamond combinations in vintage-inspired settings for timeless elegance.

Care Tips for Ruby Jewelry

  • Clean ruby jewelry with mild soap and warm water using a soft brush.
  • While rubies are durable (9 on the Mohs scale), they can still be chipped by hard blows, so remove ruby jewelry during vigorous activities.
  • Store ruby pieces separately from other jewelry to prevent scratching softer gemstones.
  • If your ruby has been treated (especially glass-filled), avoid ultrasonic cleaners, steam cleaners, and harsh chemicals.

Monthly Birthstone Chart

Looking for a quick reference to all birthstones? Check out our printable birthstone chart featuring all 12 months and their corresponding gemstones.

View Birthstone Chart
Monthly Birthstone Chart